I shall not easily forget those long winter nights in the front line. Darkness fell about four in the afternoon and dawn was not until eight next morning. These sixteen hours of blackness were broken by gun flashes, the gleam of star shells and punctuated by the scream of a shell or the sudden heart-stopping rattle of a machine-gun. The long hours crept by with leaden feet and sometimes it seemed as if time itself was dead.
F. Noakes, in 'The Distant Drum'
The Great War
World War I
June 1914, Sarajevo, Bosnia
Along the parade route, shots suddenly fill the air followed by a small group of teenager fleeing an alley. The shocked quiet is broken by cries and gasps wave through the crowd. "The crown prince is dead. They shot the Archduke." The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, crown prince of Austria-Hungary by Serbian nationalists is the spark that set off a war like none before. But the tender for this first globally scaled conflict was set much earlier.
The MAIN causes of The Great War (as World War I was referred to before the second one broke out) include:
Along the parade route, shots suddenly fill the air followed by a small group of teenager fleeing an alley. The shocked quiet is broken by cries and gasps wave through the crowd. "The crown prince is dead. They shot the Archduke." The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, crown prince of Austria-Hungary by Serbian nationalists is the spark that set off a war like none before. But the tender for this first globally scaled conflict was set much earlier.
The MAIN causes of The Great War (as World War I was referred to before the second one broke out) include:
- Militarism--arms build up as nations attempt to "out gun" their neighbors
- Alliances--treaties for mutual defense designed to provide strength in numbers, committed signing nations to agree to protect any one nation's interests if threaten
- Imperialism--unrestrained "grab" for new land, resources, and markets
- Nationalism--aggressive patriotism promoting a return to glory eras
What to know for the EOC
- Explain the significance of the following years as turning points: 1914-1918 (World War I)
- Identify the causes of World War I and reasons for U.S. entry
- Understand the contributions of the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) led by General John J. Pershing
- Analyze the impact of significant technological innovations in World War I such as machine guns, airplanes, tanks, poison gas, and trench warfare that resulted in the stalemate on the Western Front
- Analyze major issues such as isolationism and neutrality raised by U.S. involvement in World War I, Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points, and the Treaty of Versailles
- Analyze significant events such as the Battle of Argonne Forest
- Analyze the causes and effects of changing demographic patterns resulting from migration within the United States including the Great Migration
- Describe the economic effects of international military conflicts, including World War I, on the United States
- Explain constitutional issues raised by federal government policy changes during times of significant events, including World War I
- Evaluate the pros and cons of U.S. participation in international organizations and treaties
- Discuss the importance of Congressional Medal of Honor recipients, including individuals of all races and genders such as Alvin York
- Explain how specific needs result in scientific discoveries and technological innovations in the military, and medicine, including vaccines
Resources
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